O gerúndio é uma
forma verbal caracterizada pela terminação “ing”. Essa forma verbal deve ser
usada sempre:
1- após preposições:
There’s no hope of finding survivors. (Não há nenhuma esperança
de se encontrar sobreviventes).
2- após os verbos: come, go,
admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, continue, delay, detest, deny, enjoy,
escape, finish, imagine, keep, miss, practice, resist, suggest, stop, try,
understand.
I enjoy listening to music. (Eu curto ouvir música).
Go shopping requires time and money. (Ir às
compras requer tempo e dinheiro).
I continue studying day by day. (Eu continuo
estudando dia a dia).
I appreciate drinking hot cocoa during the winter. (Eu
aprecio tomar chocolate quente durante o inverno).
3- após as expressões:
a) Can’t
stand (não pode suportar / tolerar): I can’t stand boring people. (Eu não tolero pessoas chatas).
b) It’s
worth (Vale a pena): It’s
worth working on the weekends, I generally receive a lot of money. (Vale
a pena trabalhar nos finais de semana, eu geralmente recebo muito dinheiro).
O infinitivo é a forma original do verbo, que pode aparecer com
ou sem a partícula “to”. Deve-se utilizar o
infinitivo sem o “to” após:
a) os modais (can, could, must, should, may,
might).
You can work today. (Você pode trabalhar hoje).
b) os verbos auxiliares “do” e “will”.
He will call you tomorrow morning. (Ele te ligará amanhã de
manhã).
c) as conjunções but e except.
Usa-se o infinitivo com o “to” após:
a) os verbos: tell, invite, teach,
want, invite, remind, wish, desire.
I invited my sister to have lunch with me. (Eu convidei minha irmã
para almoçar comigo).
b) após adjetivos e após as
palavras: too, enough, the first, the last, the only.
You are too elderly to work on this
company. (Você é muito velho para trabalhar nesta empresa).
Existem, no entanto, alguns verbos (see, notice, feel, hear e observe) que podem ser seguidos tanto pelo infinitivo quanto
pelo gerúndio sem o “to”.
They heard the people talking.
(Eles ouviram as pessoas conversando).
They heard the people talk. (Eles
ouviram as pessoas conversarem).
Há também alguns verbos (advise, try, neglect, dislike, begin, forget,
remember, hate, start, attempt, continue, love, stop, try, allow, prefer) que podem ser seguidos de gerúndio ou infinitivo com o
“to”.
I started loving you. (Eu comecei a amar você).
I started to love you. (Eu comecei a amar você).
01. She
was so upset she couldn’t help ___________.
a) to
complaining
b)
complain
c)
complaining
d)
complained
e)
complains
02. Would
you mind _____________ the door, please?
a) to
open
b) open
c)
opening
d) opens
e)
opening
03. She
couldn’t help __________ at you, honey!
a) laugh
b) to
laugh
c)
laughed
d) was
laughing
e)
laughing
04. The
Prime Minister said he was looking forward to ___________ the President.
a)
seeing
b) see
c) sees
d) to
see
e) saw
05. I
gave up ______ soccer when I was 20.
a) to
play
b)
played
c)
playing
d) plays
e) play
06. He
avoided _________ the same mistakes again.
a) makes
b)
making
c) to
make
d) made
e) maked
07. I'm
used to ______ about odd things.
a) hear
b) heard
c) hears
d)
hearing
e) am
hearing
08. (UNESP)
There's no hope of ________ survivors.
a) to
find
b)
finding
c)
founded
d) finds
e) find
09. (MACKENZIE)
_______ at picyure in art-galleries is a good pastime.
a)
Looking
b) Look
c)
Looked
d) To
look
e) To
looking
